Erithacus rubecula (Linnaeus, 1758)

This species is found in forest undergrowth and edge, preferring conifer tracts in some parts of its range and deciduous woodland in others. It uses copses and adjacent open land, farmland woodlots, thickets along watercourses, hedgerows with some tall trees, orchards, gardens and parks and is also found in urban areas in parts of Europe. It requires cool shade, medium-height cover with perches, and patches of bare ground.Breeding occurs from mid-March to August, however timing varies with population across Europe. The nest is a cup of moss, grass, leaves and twigs and lined with fine grass and hair. It is placed on a bulky mat of leaves and is always sited in a recess, usually in low undergrowth, a hedge, grass bank, wall, rock face, tree cavity, tree roots or a nest box. Typically, this species lays four to seven eggs.The diet is mainly invertebrates, fruits and seeds, but it will also take very small vertebrates, carrion, left-overs and bird table foods.Migration in this species is poorly understood, but in general it is thought eastern populations are migratory while more western populations are resident or partially migratory (Collar 2015).Although the generation length for both EU and Europe regional assessments were calculated using the same methodology, new information arriving after the EU assessments were undertaken gave rise to an update in the generation lengths. This new information was then used for the Europe level assessments giving rise to a difference between the generation lengths used for the EU and Europe regions.